Leg-Ulcers

Introduction

Venous leg ulcers are chronic, open sores that develop around the ankle or lower leg due to poor blood circulation and venous insufficiency. The primary leg ulcer causes include faulty vein valves that allow blood to pool in the legs, increasing pressure and damaging the skin and tissues. Common leg ulcer symptoms are swelling, pain, itching, dark skin discoloration, and fluid discharge.

Effective leg ulcer treatment involves cleaning the wound, using compression therapy, and improving circulation through medications or procedures. Leg ulcer healing stages progress from inflammation and tissue formation to skin regeneration. Supportive care like home remedies for leg ulcers—including leg elevation, a healthy diet, and gentle exercises for leg ulcers—can enhance recovery. Early diagnosis, vascular specialist care, and consistent wound management are key to preventing recurrence and restoring leg health.

Varicose Veins Leg Illustration of Varicose Veins

Symptoms of Leg-Ulcers

Open sore or wound near the ankle.
Shallow ulcer with irregular edges and a red or yellow wound bed.
Surrounding skin that is darkened, thickened or hardened.
Swelling of the lower leg and ankle.
Varicose Veins
Aching, throbbing or heaviness in the leg.
Itching, dryness or eczema around the affected area.
Foul odor or increased drainage from the wound.
Recurrent ulcers in the same region.

Causes and Risk Factors of Leg-Ulcers

Chronic venous insufficiency

Faulty valves or obstruction in the leg veins.

Previous deep vein thrombosis

Causing post‑thrombotic damage.

Age

Increasing age, particularly in older adults.

Obesity

Obesity and limited mobility.

Medical History

History of leg fractures, surgery or trauma affecting venous return.

Jobs requiring many hours of standing

leading to sustained venous hypertension.

Types of Leg-Ulcers

Purely venous ulcers

classic presentation with characteristic location and skin changes.

Mixed arterial–venous ulcers

combined venous disease and peripheral arterial disease.

Healed Venous Ulcer

A previously active ulcer that has closed with treatment but remains at high risk for recurrence if venous issues persist.

Recurrent Venous Ulcer

Develops again in the same area after initial healing due to untreated or chronic venous insufficiency.

Diagnosis of leg-ulcers

Diagnosing venous leg ulcers involves assessing the underlying venous function and identifying factors that delay wound healing.

Doppler Ultrasound Diagnosis

Doppler Ultrasound

A non-invasive test that measures blood flow and detects venous reflux or obstruction in the leg veins.

Ankle-Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI)

Compares blood pressure in the ankle and arm to differentiate venous ulcers from arterial or mixed ulcers before starting compression therapy.

Treatment of Leg-Ulcers

Improves venous return, reduces swelling, and promotes ulcer healing through multilayer bandages or compression stockings.

Compression Therapy

Improves venous return, reduces swelling, and promotes ulcer healing through multilayer bandages or compression stockings.

Wound Care and Dressings

Regular cleaning and use of sterile, moisture-balanced dressings to protect the ulcer.

Endovenous Ablation or Surgery

Minimally invasive procedures like laser or radiofrequency ablation to correct underlying venous reflux and prevent recurrence.

Lifestyle Modifications and Leg Elevation

Weight management, daily walking, leg elevation, and exercises for leg ulcers to enhance circulation.

Prevention And Lifestyle Tips
For Leg-Ulcers

Use prescribed compression stockings consistently even after healing.
Maintain healthy body weight and stay physically active, by eating
Avoid prolonged standing or sitting; take regular walking breaks.
Elevate legs when resting and avoid crossing legs for long periods.
Control diabetes, hypertension and other chronic illnesses.
Stop smoking to improve microcirculation and wound healing.

Complications of Leg-Ulcers

  • Cellulitis and wound infection.
  • Chronic pain and reduced mobility.
  • Scar tissue and contractures around the ankle.
  • Development of mixed arterial disease.

When to See a Doctor

  • Any leg wound near the ankle that fails to improve within 2–3 weeks.
  • Increasing pain, redness, heat or discharge from an existing ulcer.
  • New swelling of the leg, especially if sudden or associated with shortness of breath.
  • Ulcers in someone with known varicose veins or previous DVT.

Conclusion

Venous leg ulcers represent the advanced stage of chronic venous insufficiency, requiring comprehensive care for healing. Effective leg ulcer treatment combines meticulous wound management with correction of underlying venous issues through compression therapy or endovenous interventions. Consistent use of compression, proper lifestyle habits, and regular exercises for leg ulcers play a vital role in preventing recurrence and ensuring long-term vascular health and skin recovery.

Got a question?

Frequently Asked Questions

Doctor consulting patient

Some small ulcers may improve with rest and simple dressings, but most require structured compression therapy and professional wound care to heal fully.

Recurrence is common if the underlying venous reflux or obstruction is not treated and if compression stockings are not used regularly after healing.

No. Venous ulcers are caused by high venous pressure, while diabetic ulcers are related to neuropathy and arterial disease. However, a person may have more than one cause for leg ulcers.

Not always. Many ulcers heal with compression and conservative care, but definitive venous treatments can reduce recurrence and improve long‑term outcomes..

Healing time varies. Small ulcers may heal in weeks, while larger or long‑standing ulcers can take several months, especially if other health issues are present.